Núcleo de Engenharia Florestal da UFS alerta sobre a importância da arborização e afirma que na universidade ela se dá de maneira equivocada
A arborização exerce papel de vital importância para a qualidade de vida nos centros urbanos. Por suas múltiplas funções, a árvore urbana atua diretamente sobre o clima, a qualidade do ar, o nível de ruídos e sobre a paisagem, além de constituir refúgio indispensável à fauna remanescente nas cidades.
Esse foi exatamente o tema de um trabalho apresentado pelo Núcleo de Engenharia Florestal da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, no 11º Congresso Brasileiro de Arborização Urbana, realizado em setembro do ano passado, em Vitória, Espírito Santo. Conforme explica o professor do Núcleo, Robério Ferreira, a pesquisa consistiu num diagnóstico das espécies florestais e dos principais problemas observados na arborização de Aracaju, com o propósito de elaborar um Manual de Arborização para a cidade.
O projeto, que também é formado por diversos estudantes do curso, teve o apoio do promotor público Sandro Luiz da Costa para a realização do estudo. De acordo Dalva Angélica, aluna do curso e uma das participante do Núcleo, foram analisados os principais pontos da cidade. “Nós trabalhamos com 22 praças de movimentação, como, por exemplo, a da Imprensa, a da Bandeira, a Camerino e a Fausto Cardoso. O que pudemos verificar foi uma maior quantidade de espécies exóticas, em relação às nativas”, afirma.
A universitária também ressalta os perigos de uma arborizaçãao mal planejada. “A arborização urbana promove uma melhoria na qualidade de vida da população. Mas, se implantada de forma inadequada, pode ocasionar problemas à rede elétrica pelo crescimento das copas, danos à rede hidráulica e rompimento de áreas pavimentadas pelo crescimento excessivo de raízes superficiais. Em alguns casos, pode até causar problemas alérgicos para pessoas sensíveis a componentes produzidos por algumas espécies”.
Arborização na UFS
Quanto à situação da Universidade Federal de Sergipe, a estudante de Engenharia Florestal é enfática. “Não há planejamento. Ultimamente, estamos acompanhando mais de perto a arborização, por causa das construções civis que estão sendo encaminhadas no campus. No início, elas estavam sendo feitas de forma equivocada, algumas árvores eram cortadas sem critério algum”, lamenta Dalva.
Outro problema da falta de planejamento, para ela, seria a existência de árvores impróprias para o local em que se encontram. “No estacionamento, deveriam ser plantadas mais árvores, para dar sombra aos carros. Porém, existem lá muitas espécies de frutos grandes, que podem danificar um veículo no caso de uma queda. A universidade também precisa de mais árvores nativas, os passeios que foram construídos recentemente deveriam receber mais árvores ao redor, para fazer sombra aos transeuntes. Com um planejamento eficiente, teríamos outra situação”, explica a estudante.
Poda
É necessário haver um planejamento prévio de arborização, para que se possa escolher melhor as árvores em relação aos locais onde serão plantadas. Isso inclui a análise de alguns fatores, como rede elétrica e de telefonia, sinalizações, passeios e edificações.
Quando isso não ocorre, no entanto, é bastante comum a utilização de uma técnica de correção: a poda. Porém, o professor Robério alerta que “muitas vezes, essa poda é feita de maneira inadequada, sem levar em consideração as recomendações técnicas, e causam danos, deixando os indivíduos mais susceptíveis a doenças e a ataques de insetos, por exemplo. Além disso, provocam um efeito paisagístico indesejável”.
Para Dalva, a maioria das árvores da universidade não necessita ser podada. “As árvores da UFS geralmente não chegam à fiação elétrica, nem atingem os prédios. As podas que são feitas na universidade, sem planejamento, prejudicam a árvore, no sentido de atrapalhar o seu desenvolvimento. Nossas espécies têm grande potencial, temos que respeitá-las”, conclui.
Para Dalva, a maioria das árvores da universidade não necessita ser podada. “As árvores da UFS geralmente não chegam à fiação elétrica, nem atingem os prédios. As podas que são feitas na universidade, sem planejamento, prejudicam a árvore, no sentido de atrapalhar o seu desenvolvimento. Nossas espécies têm grande potencial, temos que respeitá-las”, conclui.
Por Priscila Viana
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